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Modeling TCP
Throughput: A Simple Model and its Empirical Validation
Jitendra Padhye, Victor Firoiu, Don Towsley, and Jim Kurose (U. Mass)
In this paper we develop a simple analytic characterization of the
steady state throughput, as a function of loss rate and round trip
time for a bulk transfer TCP ow, i.e., a ow with an unlimited amount
of data to send. Unlike the models in [6, 7, 10], our model captures
not only the behavior of TCP's fast retransmit mechanism (which is
also considered in [6, 7, 10]) but also the effect of TCP's timeout
mechanism on throughput. Our measurements suggest that this latter
behavior is important from a modeling perspective, as almost all of
our TCP traces contained more timeout events than fast retransmit
events. Our measurements demonstrate that our model is able to more
accurately predict TCP throughput and is accurate over a wider range
of loss rates.
[7] M. Mathis, J. Semske, J. Mahdavi, and T. Ott. The macro-
scopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm.
Computer Communication Review, 27(3), July 1997.
[10] T. Ott, J. Kemperman, and M. Mathis. The stationary be-
havior of ideal TCP congestion avoidance. in preprint.
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